Titanic

The History of Titanic

The Titanic, a passenger ship that was the largest of its time, was on its maiden voyage from Britain to New York in 1912. During the journey, it struck an iceberg in the frigid waters about 670 kilometers off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada. The ship sank, with approximately 1,500 passengers out of the nearly 2,200 onboard losing their lives. The wreckage of the ship also sank to the depths of the ocean. Nearly 73 years later, in 1985, an American officer named Robert Ballard discovered the wreckage using a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV) funded by the National Geographic Society. While the primary objective was to find two lost nuclear submarines, Ballard was granted permission to search for the Titanic as well. After eight days of searching, he finally located the wreckage of the Titanic. It was resting at a depth of approximately 3,800 meters below the surface of the ocean. The Titanic's wreckage has been visited multiple times since its discovery, primarily for research and tourism purposes. To date, around 250 individuals have reached the site, including James Cameron, the director of the famous 1995 film "Titanic." He has made 33 trips to the wreck in a Russian military submersible called "Mir." The Titanic was constructed with iron and steel plates and girders. Despite being submerged in the depths of the ocean for so many years, its structure has remained largely intact. It still contains items used by passengers at the time of the sinking, and the ship's hull can still be observed. The question arises: why hasn't the wreckage deteriorated or corroded over all these years? The Titanic's resting place, situated at such a great depth, experiences a water temperature of around 4 degrees Celsius, which is significantly colder than the surrounding ocean. Additionally, the pressure at the seabed is approximately 400 times greater than atmospheric pressure. One might wonder how the pressure hasn't crushed the wreckage. Regarding the pressure, it's important to note that the ship's structure is open, such as its sheeted decks or compartments, allowing water to freely flow in and out from all directions. This means that the pressure is evenly distributed, balancing the forces acting on the ship. The Titanic's hull is filled with water, and water surrounds it from all sides. If it were airtight like an air-tight container or a drum, it would have imploded under the immense pressure. This is evident in recent submersibles that have imploded due to pressure. However, the Titanic's structure has remained intact because the water inside and outside the hull equalizes the pressure.

Now, let's address the concept of corrosion or rusting of iron. On land, iron requires the presence of moisture and oxygen in the air to rust. However, can seawater provide oxygen? Yes, seawater can dissolve oxygen, and the seawater around the Titanic wreckage contains dissolved oxygen, typically ranging from 7 to 8 milligrams per liter. This oxygen can come from various sources, such as absorption from the air above the sea, seaweed and algae, rivers carrying oxygenated water, and bacteria present in the ocean. Marine organisms, like fish, extract dissolved oxygen through their gills. The Titanic's rusting occurs due to a chemical reaction between the iron in the ship's structure and the chemically imbalanced seawater. This reaction creates iron oxide, commonly known as rust. If the iron were present in water with higher salinity, it would rust more rapidly. Therefore, the presence of saltwater and dissolved oxygen contributes to the corrosion of the Titanic's wreckage. In conclusion, the Titanic's wreckage has not deteriorated or disintegrated significantly due to the balanced pressure acting on its structure and the presence of dissolved

HISTORY OF RENALA KHURD

Renala Khurd Tehsil

Renala khurd is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of OKARA DISTRICT in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It is administratively subdivided into 18 Union Council, two of which form the tehsil capital Renala Khurd.

Renala Khurd city was established in 1914. Before that time, Mughal king Akbar along with his son Saleem and the royal entourage stayed in Dipalpor and passed through this region to pay homage to Farid Ganj Shakar in 1578. Akbar named the corridor as 'Bari Doab' by combining the syllables of the names of two rivers, Beas and Ravi, that bounded the belt.

Previously in this region there were acres of barren and unirrigated land with trees of malah, and it was formerly known as Malah Walah. A part of Renala Khurd is naturally deprived of the underground sweet water. People in this region rely on canals as the main source of irrigation, as tube-wells, unlike other parts of the district, only pour out salty water which spoils the land. Traces are also found of a long range of ruins, called Dhaya in local language, which, according to popular myth, are the remains of some unknown ancient city which may have been engulfed by the river Bieas. These ruins give a mysterious look – something like a blend of desert and tiny hills, and also serve as the hideout for thieves and robbers

In 1849, the British occupied this area. The British Indian Army built Canal Loar-Bari-Doo-Aab and colonies with the help of imported migrant labour employed to clear and develop the forest and scrub land.  brilliant irrigation network of canals were established all over the Punjab and extending into Sindh.

After the 1947 partition, the Pakistan Army took control of the major portion of irrigated land left by the army of the British Raj on which it established its own farms and maintaining the tenants. One of the largest of these farms is that in Okara, spread over 17,000 acres (69 km2) of prime land.

The peasant migrants were promised ownership once it was rendered arable, but as it turned out to be the most fertile and rich of the provinces; the army reconsidered, retained ownership of the land and settled the migrants as tenants. In 1913, Renala Khurd Stud State Farm leased out 5,000 acres (20 km2) of land to the Punjab government to cater to the needs of the army for horses, fodder and dairy products, and the tenancy agreements continued. Renala Khurd is famous for its horses, and horses from Renala Khurd Stud State Farm have won international derby races many times.

ADMINISTRATION

The city of Renala Khurd serves as the headquarters of Renala Khurd Tehsil, the city of Renala Khurd itself is administratively subdivided into two Union councils. Population of Tehsil Renala Khurd.4,43,000

AGRICULTURE

Renala Khurd is home to the food processing company "Mitchell's Fruit Farms Limited". It has orchards of guava & citrus running b/w the lower bari doab canal and the Multan Road, for about 8 miles all the way up to Okara bypass. This region is also well known as a major producer of sugarcane & rice. These crops can be cultivated due to abundance of water supplied by the lower bari doab canal & smaller water channels.

In winter many small farmers set up traditional ways of processing sugar cane. They extract its juice and add soda to produce molasses.

CLIMETE

Most areas in Renala Khurd experience fairly cool winters, often accompanied by rain. By mid-February the temperature begins to rise; springtime weather continues until mid-April, when the summer heat sets in.

The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Renala Khurd by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rarely place the temperature above 46 °C, newspaper sources claim that it reaches 51 °C and regularly carry reports about people who have succumbed to the heat. In August the oppressive heat is punctuated by the rainy season, referred to as barsat, which brings relief in its wake. The hardest part of the summer is then over, but cooler weather does not come until late October

GHALA MANDI

Ghala Mandi (Grain Market) Renala Khurd was established in 1914. Renala Khurd is important Tehsil of Okara. It has a popular Ghala Mandi (Grain Market) of Punjab which is Aktrabad Ghala Mandi (Grain Market). One of the first Physicians to start practicing in Renala Khurd, Dr Zaka Ullah, had his office in the Ghala Mandi. Dr Afzal Bhatti, the famous gastroenterologist and liver transplant physician, also belongs to Renala Khurd

RENALA  STATE MILITRY FARM

The Renala State Military Farm was formerly known as Glaxo. A quarter of a century ago, Glaxo was a small British firm with its origins in the dried-milk, cream and butter business and most of its sales in antibiotics, respiratory drugs and nutritional supplements, which is now called Military Farms. It supplies milk packs for the entire Pakistan Army. Renala State Military Farms milk factory is located in Sathghara.

RENALA KHURD HYDROPOWER PLANT

Renala khurd Hydropower plant is one of the most popular hydroelectric stations of Pakistan. It is situated on Canal Loar-Bari-Doo-Aab. Sir Ganga Ram (1851–1927), a civil engineer and leading philanthropist of his time, established the Renala Khurd hydroelectric power station in 1925. In 1873, after a brief Service in Punjab Public Works Department, he devoted himself to practical farming. He obtained on lease from the government 50,000 acres (200 km²) of barren, unirrigated land in Montgomery District, and within three years converted that vast desert into fields, irrigated by water lifted by a hydroelectric plant and running through a thousand miles of irrigation channels, all constructed at his own cost. This was the biggest private enterprise of the kind, unknown and unthought of in the country before. Sir Ganga Ram earned millions, most of which he gave to charity. In the words of Sir Malcolm Hailey, the Governor of Punjab at the time, "he won like a hero and gave like a Saint".

SANCTUARIES

Jamia Masjid Karimia Robina Town

Jamea Masjid Ghosea Rizwea Sadar Bazar

Jamea Masjid Ghosea Usmania Muslim Town

Jamea Masjid Abi Hurera

Jamea Um-ul-Qura (C Block)

Jamea Ehsan (B Block)

Jamea Usman (A Block)

Jamea Aisha (Ahle-Hadith girls' Islamic institute)

Masjid Samdea Salamea Basti Hazoor Sahib

Gole Masjid Ghalla Mandi

Jamea Mehmodea G T road

Imam Bargha Bait Ul Hussain

Jamea Fatmea (Shia girls' Islamic institute)

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History of Renala Khurd

Beautiful City

Renala Khurd is a town situated in the Okara District of Punjab region in Pakistan. It is situated about 20 kilometers southwest of Okara city. Renala Khurd is known for its agricultural activities and is bounded by fertile lands where crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane, and vegetables are cultivated.

The town is connected to the rest of the country through the National Highway N-5, which runs nearby. It has basic infrastructure such as schools, hospitals, and markets to cater to the needs of the local population. The popular of the residents in Renala Khurd are busy in farming or associated businesses.

Renala Khurd is very famous for its gardens, forests and fruit farms.

Renala Khurd is also famous for being the birthplace of renowned Pakistani poet and philosopher Allama Muhammad Iqbal. There is a monument dedicated to him in the town, which attracts visitors and serves as a reminder of his significant contributions to literature and national identity.

Overall, Renala Khurd is a small but considerable town in Punjab, known for its agricultural productivity and its friendship with Allama Muhammad Iqbal.

Renala Khurd is a village placed in the Okara District of the Punjab province in Pakistan. As an AI language model, I can provide you with some general information about Renala Khurd based on the available data up until September 2021.

Renala Khurd is situated approximately 30 kilometers northwest of the district capital, Okara. It is a small village surrounded by agricultural fields and mostly inhabited by a rural population. The village falls within the authority of the Renala Khurd Union Council.

Agricultural  City

The economy of Renala Khurd is mostly based on agriculture. The fertile lands in the region support the cultivation of various crops, including wheat, rice, sugarcane, and vegetables. Farming and livestock rearing are common occupations among the residents.

In terms of infrastructure and facilities, Renala Khurd has basic facilities such as schools, healthcare centers, and a few small businesses serving the local community. The village is connected to nearby towns and cities through a network of roads, facilitating transportation and trade.

Since the knowledge finish is in September 2021, there may have been developments or changes in Renala Khurd since then. It is always advisable to refer to more recent and dependable sources for the most up-to-date information about the village.